As anticipated, the National League for Democracy (NLD) won a landslide victory in the 2015 Burma elections. This is a massive and historic achievement. Nothing will be the same again in Burmese politics.
Over the past couple of days, a number of ethnic-nationality friends have been in touch to express disappointment regarding the poor showing of ethnic political parties – at least beyond parts of Arakan (Rakhine), Chin and Shan states. A large majority of Burma's citizens voted for change: out with the military-backed government, and in with 'The Lady'. Many citizens who identify with their ethnic nationality (ie are proud to be Karen or Mon or Chin) nevertheless voted for the long-standing symbol of opposition to military rule. The ethnic vote was further weakened by the plurality of parties seeking to represent minority communities. Hopefully, next time round, ethnic elites will be able to ensure a less fragmented offering to the electorate, so that ethnic support does not risk being spread between different parties.
The relatively small number of member of parliament (MPs) elected from ethnic nationality parties might create an impression that ethnic issued are not so relevant in Burma. This would be unfortunate. One of the most important developments over the past four years has been the emergence of ethnic issues as central elements in the country's political narrative – because of the peace process, and also the relatively large number of MPs from ethnic political parties elected in 2010. Over the next several months, international and domestic attention will inevitably focus on the transition from the military backed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) government, to one presumably under the authority of the NLD. Ethnic issues may slip back to the sidelines, and minority communities again face marginalisation and neglect of their aspirations and concerns. It should of course be noted that there are a number of ethnic nationality NLD MPs-elect, who will be keen to demonstrate that they can represent their constituents. None of these are Muslims.
The failure of Buddhist-nationalist populists to mobilise much support from the electorate is a relief. In all the excitement however, it is important to remember that much of the country's Muslim community remains disenfranchised. The hope must be that a government led by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi will be sensitive and will address their concerns.