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Guilty, until proven guilty

If the Pardhi tribespeople are genetically criminals, then those who see them so are genetically colonised.

In 1932, a British army officer, Lieutenant-General Sir George MacMunn, wrote a book called The Underworld of India. In this not-quite-scholarly treatise, MacMunn rambles at length about all that he found dark and dreaded while on his tour of duty in India. In particular, he has a chapter titled "Criminal Tribes and Classes", where he says of India's 'criminal' tribes: "[T]hey are absolutely the scum, the flotsam and jetsam of Indian life, of no more regard than the beasts of the field."

Sprinkled through the rest of the chapter are several other references to such tribes, all about as derogatory. The Chantichors ("Bundlestealers") are all "feckless and unstable"; the Harnis have a "gift for humbugging the world"; the Ramoshis were employed by the British as watchmen, but such a watchman "is always an incorrigible pander, being prepared to produce ladies of the flimsiest virtue at the shortest notice"; Vanjari women are "bright and comely [with] wellmoulded breasts", and are "adepno doubt in venery". In fact, MacMunn makes it a point to comment on the women of nearly every tribe he mentions: all are invariably "comely" yet "hopelessly immoral" (MacMunn also has an astonishing tendency to refer to women as "baggages".)

Read 70 years later, the general's language seems quaint at best. It is hard to imagine a writer of serious pretensions today describing a whole people in the terms he uses. Yet that is what MacMunn does; because that is indeed how criminal tribes were viewed in colonial India.